Cathaya
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Gymnospermae |
| Division: | Pinophyta |
| Class: | Pinopsida |
| Order: | Pinales |
| Family: | Pinaceae |
| Subfamily: | Laricoideae |
| Genus: | Cathaya Chun & Kuang |
| Species: | Cathaya
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| Cathaya | |
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Cathaya is a genus in the pine family, Pinaceae, with one known living species, Cathaya argyrophylla.[2] In foliage and cone morphology, Cathaya has been considered a member of the subfamily Laricoideae, closely related to Pseudotsuga and Larix,[3][4] but more recent genetic studies have suggested a closer relationship to Pinus and Picea in the subfamily Pinoideae.[5][6] A second species, C. nanchuanensis, is now treated as a synonym,[7] as it does not differ from C. argyrophylla in any characters.
Cathaya is confined to a limited area in southern China, in the provinces of Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan and southeast Sichuan. It is an evergreen tree growing to 20 m tall and a trunk up to 60 cm diameter, found on steep, narrow mountain slopes at 950–1800 m altitude on limestone soils.[4] A larger population has been reduced by over-cutting before its scientific discovery and protection in 1950.
The leaves are needle-like, 2.5–5.5 cm long, have ciliate (hairy) margins when young, and grow around the stems in a spiral pattern. The cones are 3–5 cm long, with about 15–20 scales, each scale bearing two winged seeds.[4]
One or two botanists, unhappy with the idea of a new genus in such a familiar family, tried to shoehorn it into other existing genera, as Pseudotsuga argyrophylla and Tsuga argyrophylla.[8] It is however very distinct from both of these genera, and these combinations are not now used.
The species was introduced into Europe and North America in the 1990s.[9]
Fossil record
[edit]The extinct fossil species Cathaya loehri (Engelhardt & Kinkelin) Chun & Kuang is described from the Miocene and Pliocene of Germany and France;[4] other Cathaya fossils are known from the Miocene and Pliocene of eastern Siberia,[4] and from the early Pleistocene of southern Portugal.[10] They are abundant in European brown coal deposits dating from between 10 and 30 million years ago.[4]
References
[edit]- ^ Yang, Y.; Liao, W. (2013). "Cathaya argyrophylla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T32316A2814173. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T32316A2814173.en. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
- ^ "Cathaya". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanical Gardens Kew. Retrieved 2018-11-07.
- ^ Hu, Y. S.; Wang, F. H. (1984). "Anatomical Studies of Cathaya (Pinaceae)". American Journal of Botany. 71 (5): 727–735. doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1984.tb14180.x. ISSN 0002-9122.
- ^ a b c d e f Farjon, Aljos (1990). Pinaceae. Königstein Champaign: Koeltz scientific books. p. 171–175. ISBN 3-87429-298-3.
- ^ Yang, Yong; Ferguson, David Kay; Liu, Bing; Mao, Kang-Shan; Gao, Lian-Ming; Zhang, Shou-Zhou; Wan, Tao; Rushforth, Keith; Zhang, Zhi-Xiang (2022). "Recent advances on phylogenomics of gymnosperms and a new classification". Plant Diversity. 44 (4): 340–350. doi:10.1016/j.pld.2022.05.003. PMC 9363647. PMID 35967253.
- ^ Stull, Gregory W.; Qu, Xiao-Jian; Parins-Fukuchi, Caroline; Yang, Ying-Ying; Yang, Jun-Bo; Yang, Zhi-Yun; Hu, Yi; Ma, Hong; Soltis, Pamela S.; Soltis, Douglas E.; Li, De-Zhu; Smith, Stephen A.; Yi, Ting-Shuang (2021-07-19). "Gene duplications and phylogenomic conflict underlie major pulses of phenotypic evolution in gymnosperms" (PDF). Nature Plants. 7 (8): 1015–1025. doi:10.1038/s41477-021-00964-4. ISSN 2055-0278. Retrieved 2025-02-10.
- ^ "Cathaya nanchuanensis". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanical Gardens Kew. Retrieved 2018-11-07.
- ^ "Cathaya argyrophylla". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanical Gardens Kew. Retrieved 2018-11-07.
- ^ Chun & (2025-02-10). "Cathaya argyrophylla". Trees and Shrubs Online. Retrieved 2025-02-10.
- ^ Forest Context and Policies in Portugal: Present and Future Challenges by Fernando Reboredo – Springer, 28. aug. 2014 – ISBN 978-3-319-08455-8
External links
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